Pandas Profiling Report

Dataset statistics

Number of variables	11
Number of observations	672
Missing cells	215
Missing cells (%)	2.9%
Duplicate rows	0
Duplicate rows (%)	0.0%
Total size in memory	57.9 KiB
Average record size in memory	88.2 B

Variable types

NUM	9
CAT	2

Warnings

`Current Account Balance` has 31 (4.6%) missing values	Missing
`Public debt` has 21 (3.1%) missing values	Missing
`sovereign yields` has 30 (4.5%) missing values	Missing
`GDP Growth` has 23 (3.4%) missing values	Missing
`VIX Index` has 12 (1.8%) missing values	Missing
`Public Deficit` has 24 (3.6%) missing values	Missing
`Unemployment Rate` has 14 (2.1%) missing values	Missing
`Credit To Private Sector` has 60 (8.9%) missing values	Missing
`quarter` is uniformly distributed	Uniform
`country` is uniformly distributed	Uniform

Reproduction

Analysis started	2020-11-24 07:59:59.530995
Analysis finished	2020-11-24 08:00:13.415920
Duration	13.88 seconds
Software version	pandas-profiling v2.9.0
Download configuration	config.yaml

year
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

Distinct	14
Distinct (%)	2.1%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%

Mean	2006.5
Minimum	2000
Maximum	2013
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Memory size	5.2 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	2000
5-th percentile	2000
Q1	2003
median	2006.5
Q3	2010
95-th percentile	2013
Maximum	2013
Range	13
Interquartile range (IQR)	7

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	4.034131578
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.002010531561
Kurtosis	-1.212394406
Mean	2006.5
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	3.5
Skewness	0
Sum	1348368
Variance	16.27421759
Monotocity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=14)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
2013	48	7.1%
2012	48	7.1%
2011	48	7.1%
2010	48	7.1%
2009	48	7.1%
2008	48	7.1%
2007	48	7.1%
2006	48	7.1%
2005	48	7.1%
2004	48	7.1%
Other values (4)	192	28.6%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
2000	48	7.1%
2001	48	7.1%
2002	48	7.1%
2003	48	7.1%
2004	48	7.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
2013	48	7.1%
2012	48	7.1%
2011	48	7.1%
2010	48	7.1%
2009	48	7.1%

quarter
Categorical

UNIFORM

Distinct	4
Distinct (%)	0.6%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Memory size	5.2 KiB

4	168
3	168
2	168
1	168

Frequencies
Length

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
4	168	25.0%
3	168	25.0%
2	168	25.0%
1	168	25.0%

Frequencies of value counts

Unique

Unique	0 ?
Unique (%)	0.0%

Histogram of lengths of the category

Length

Max length	1
Median length	1
Mean length	1
Min length	1

country
Categorical

UNIFORM

Distinct	12
Distinct (%)	1.8%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Memory size	5.2 KiB

Finland	56
Belgium	56
Greece	56
Spain	56
Italy	56
Other values (7)	392

Frequencies
Length

Common Values
Overview

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
Finland	56	8.3%
Belgium	56	8.3%
Greece	56	8.3%
Spain	56	8.3%
Italy	56	8.3%
Netherlands	56	8.3%
France	56	8.3%
Luxembourg	56	8.3%
Germany	56	8.3%
Austria	56	8.3%
Other values (2)	112	16.7%

Frequencies of value counts

Unique

Unique	0 ?
Unique (%)	0.0%

Histogram of lengths of the category

Length

Max length	11
Median length	7
Mean length	7.166666667
Min length	5

Current Account Balance
Real number (ℝ)

MISSING

Distinct	640
Distinct (%)	99.8%
Missing	31
Missing (%)	4.6%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%

Mean	0.009767260062
Minimum	-16.39411
Maximum	17.80625
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Memory size	5.2 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	-16.39411
5-th percentile	-10.80689
Q1	-3.43053
median	-0.05751
Q3	4.138015
95-th percentile	9.451803
Maximum	17.80625
Range	34.20036
Interquartile range (IQR)	7.568545

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	6.136273915
Coefficient of variation (CV)	628.2492609
Kurtosis	0.01997580974
Mean	0.009767260062
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	3.827609
Skewness	-0.05346822329
Sum	6.2608137
Variance	37.65385756
Monotocity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
2.5	2	0.3%
-1.234332	1	0.1%
6.844073	1	0.1%
-10.2	1	0.1%
1.89193	1	0.1%
1.64203	1	0.1%
6.460021	1	0.1%
4.319137	1	0.1%
3.3	1	0.1%
16.78679	1	0.1%
Other values (630)	630	93.8%
(Missing)	31	4.6%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
-16.39411	1	0.1%
-16.05002	1	0.1%
-15.4	1	0.1%
-15.24969	1	0.1%
-14.54305	1	0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
17.80625	1	0.1%
17.40836	1	0.1%
16.78679	1	0.1%
16.6659	1	0.1%
16.32911	1	0.1%

Public debt
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

MISSING

Distinct	482
Distinct (%)	74.0%
Missing	21
Missing (%)	3.1%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%

Mean	0.7022105991
Minimum	0.055
Maximum	1.7503
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Memory size	5.2 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0.055
5-th percentile	0.0715
Q1	0.491
median	0.663
Q3	0.9855
95-th percentile	1.213
Maximum	1.7503
Range	1.6953
Interquartile range (IQR)	0.4945

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	0.3274936551
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.4663752662
Kurtosis	-0.02399620642
Mean	0.7022105991
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0.22
Skewness	0.2456493039
Sum	457.1391
Variance	0.1072520941
Monotocity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1.034	7	1.0%
0.663	5	0.7%
0.061	5	0.7%
0.06	5	0.7%
0.66	4	0.6%
1.077	4	0.6%
0.668	4	0.6%
0.575	4	0.6%
0.662	4	0.6%
0.063	4	0.6%
Other values (472)	605	90.0%
(Missing)	21	3.1%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.055	2	0.3%
0.056	1	0.1%
0.057	2	0.3%
0.059	2	0.3%
0.06	5	0.7%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1.7503	1	0.1%
1.7265	1	0.1%
1.7203	1	0.1%
1.6741	1	0.1%
1.6402	1	0.1%

sovereign yields
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

MISSING

Distinct	575
Distinct (%)	89.6%
Missing	30
Missing (%)	4.5%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%

Mean	4.505939252
Minimum	1.34
Maximum	25.4
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Memory size	5.2 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	1.34
5-th percentile	2.2615
Q1	3.63825
median	4.2115
Q3	4.9625
95-th percentile	6.16715
Maximum	25.4
Range	24.06
Interquartile range (IQR)	1.32425

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	2.211515751
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.49080017
Kurtosis	38.14778138
Mean	4.505939252
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0.648
Skewness	5.153862714
Sum	2892.813
Variance	4.890801917
Monotocity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
4.125	3	0.4%
3.05	3	0.4%
4.348	3	0.4%
4.18	3	0.4%
3.963	3	0.4%
4.21	3	0.4%
3.398	2	0.3%
4.114	2	0.3%
4.069	2	0.3%
4.134	2	0.3%
Other values (565)	616	91.7%
(Missing)	30	4.5%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1.34	1	0.1%
1.36	1	0.1%
1.37	1	0.1%
1.42	1	0.1%
1.47	1	0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
25.4	1	0.1%
24.74	1	0.1%
23.69	1	0.1%
19.03	1	0.1%
16.61	1	0.1%

GDP Growth
Real number (ℝ)

MISSING

Distinct	622
Distinct (%)	95.8%
Missing	23
Missing (%)	3.4%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%

Mean	1.606223219
Minimum	-8.227
Maximum	10.062
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Memory size	5.2 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	-8.227
5-th percentile	-2.9712
Q1	0.12
median	1.511
Q3	3.518
95-th percentile	5.3508
Maximum	10.062
Range	18.289
Interquartile range (IQR)	3.398

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	2.614801556
Coefficient of variation (CV)	1.627919162
Kurtosis	0.9582746093
Mean	1.606223219
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	1.619
Skewness	-0.2629142953
Sum	1042.438869
Variance	6.837187179
Monotocity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1.44	4	0.6%
0.99	3	0.4%
2.486	2	0.3%
0.936	2	0.3%
-0.49	2	0.3%
3.077	2	0.3%
3.016	2	0.3%
0.209	2	0.3%
-0.15	2	0.3%
-0.33	2	0.3%
Other values (612)	626	93.2%
(Missing)	23	3.4%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
-8.227	1	0.1%
-6.995	1	0.1%
-6.888	1	0.1%
-6.73	1	0.1%
-5.941	1	0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
10.062	1	0.1%
10.02	1	0.1%
9.772	1	0.1%
9.298	1	0.1%
8.921	1	0.1%

VIX Index
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

MISSING

Distinct	55
Distinct (%)	8.3%
Missing	12
Missing (%)	1.8%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%

Mean	22.47619908
Minimum	11.40828125
Maximum	62.54369231
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Memory size	5.2 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	11.40828125
5-th percentile	12.71242424
Q1	16.09276923
median	21.15888889
Q3	26.5959375
95-th percentile	36.36454545
Maximum	62.54369231
Range	51.13541106
Interquartile range (IQR)	10.50316827

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	8.793544995
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.391238081
Kurtosis	6.394061394
Mean	22.47619908
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	5.10888889
Skewness	2.016035645
Sum	14834.29139
Variance	77.32643359
Monotocity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
17.21015625	24	3.6%
16.05	12	1.8%
14.00307692	12	1.8%
26.5959375	12	1.8%
28.35	12	1.8%
21.9	12	1.8%
28.78430769	12	1.8%
26.8153125	12	1.8%
13.99318182	12	1.8%
24.70092308	12	1.8%
Other values (45)	528	78.6%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
11.40828125	12	1.8%
12.42876923	12	1.8%
12.71242424	12	1.8%
13.13777778	12	1.8%
13.1653125	12	1.8%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
62.54369231	12	1.8%
46.07409091	12	1.8%
36.36454545	12	1.8%
34.33333333	12	1.8%
33.1	2	0.3%

Public Deficit
Real number (ℝ)

MISSING

Distinct	497
Distinct (%)	76.7%
Missing	24
Missing (%)	3.6%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%

Mean	-2.110648148
Minimum	-95.36
Maximum	9.04
Zeros	2
Zeros (%)	0.3%
Memory size	5.2 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	-95.36
5-th percentile	-9.9925
Q1	-4.3275
median	-1.795
Q3	0.705
95-th percentile	5.08
Maximum	9.04
Range	104.4
Interquartile range (IQR)	5.0325

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	5.814405062
Coefficient of variation (CV)	-2.754795993
Kurtosis	101.5944814
Mean	-2.110648148
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	2.52
Skewness	-6.584144346
Sum	-1367.7
Variance	33.80730623
Monotocity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.13	4	0.6%
-4.66	4	0.6%
0.45	4	0.6%
-4.64	3	0.4%
-3.89	3	0.4%
-0.53	3	0.4%
-0.64	3	0.4%
0.29	3	0.4%
4.55	3	0.4%
-2.75	3	0.4%
Other values (487)	615	91.5%
(Missing)	24	3.6%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
-95.36	1	0.1%
-19.77	1	0.1%
-19.65	1	0.1%
-16.83	1	0.1%
-16.3	1	0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
9.04	1	0.1%
8.69	1	0.1%
8.48	1	0.1%
7.93	1	0.1%
7.92	1	0.1%

Unemployment Rate
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

MISSING

Distinct	145
Distinct (%)	22.0%
Missing	14
Missing (%)	2.1%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%

Mean	8.393525836
Minimum	1.8
Maximum	27.4
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Memory size	5.2 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	1.8
5-th percentile	3.3
Q1	5.625
median	8
Q3	9.8
95-th percentile	15.49
Maximum	27.4
Range	25.6
Interquartile range (IQR)	4.175

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	4.087027743
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.4869262122
Kurtosis	5.498488961
Mean	8.393525836
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	2
Skewness	1.86207248
Sum	5522.94
Variance	16.70379577
Monotocity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
7.7	19	2.8%
8.7	18	2.7%
8.1	18	2.7%
4.6	16	2.4%
7.9	16	2.4%
8.5	15	2.2%
8.4	14	2.1%
8.3	14	2.1%
4.7	13	1.9%
7.2	13	1.9%
Other values (135)	502	74.7%
(Missing)	14	2.1%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1.8	1	0.1%
1.9	2	0.3%
2	3	0.4%
2.1	1	0.1%
2.2	3	0.4%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
27.4	1	0.1%
26.6	2	0.3%
26.4	2	0.3%
26.1	2	0.3%
25.02	1	0.1%

Credit To Private Sector
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

MISSING

Distinct	611
Distinct (%)	99.8%
Missing	60
Missing (%)	8.9%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%

Mean	708.3429167
Minimum	16.17
Maximum	2725.6
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Memory size	5.2 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	16.17
5-th percentile	35.7865
Q1	172.2405
median	262.993
Q3	1157.34275
95-th percentile	2504.735
Maximum	2725.6
Range	2709.43
Interquartile range (IQR)	985.10225

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	787.2255127
Coefficient of variation (CV)	1.111362158
Kurtosis	0.3458136313
Mean	708.3429167
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	198.739
Skewness	1.267162906
Sum	433505.865
Variance	619724.0079
Monotocity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
2491.9	2	0.3%
108.354	1	0.1%
57.503	1	0.1%
162.728	1	0.1%
197.62	1	0.1%
252.494	1	0.1%
636.689	1	0.1%
182.501	1	0.1%
269.76	1	0.1%
1177.475	1	0.1%
Other values (601)	601	89.4%
(Missing)	60	8.9%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
16.17	1	0.1%
16.74	1	0.1%
16.86	1	0.1%
16.98	1	0.1%
17.16	1	0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
2725.6	1	0.1%
2722.7	1	0.1%
2720.6	1	0.1%
2716.4	1	0.1%
2713.5	1	0.1%

Pearson's r

The Pearson's correlation coefficient (r) is a measure of linear correlation between two variables. It's value lies between -1 and +1, -1 indicating total negative linear correlation, 0 indicating no linear correlation and 1 indicating total positive linear correlation. Furthermore, r is invariant under separate changes in location and scale of the two variables, implying that for a linear function the angle to the x-axis does not affect r.

To calculate r for two variables X and Y, one divides the covariance of X and Y by the product of their standard deviations.

Spearman's ρ

The Spearman's rank correlation coefficient (ρ) is a measure of monotonic correlation between two variables, and is therefore better in catching nonlinear monotonic correlations than Pearson's r. It's value lies between -1 and +1, -1 indicating total negative monotonic correlation, 0 indicating no monotonic correlation and 1 indicating total positive monotonic correlation.

To calculate ρ for two variables X and Y, one divides the covariance of the rank variables of X and Y by the product of their standard deviations.

Kendall's τ

Similarly to Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, the Kendall rank correlation coefficient (τ) measures ordinal association between two variables. It's value lies between -1 and +1, -1 indicating total negative correlation, 0 indicating no correlation and 1 indicating total positive correlation.

To calculate τ for two variables X and Y, one determines the number of concordant and discordant pairs of observations. τ is given by the number of concordant pairs minus the discordant pairs divided by the total number of pairs.

Phik (φk)

Phik (φk) is a new and practical correlation coefficient that works consistently between categorical, ordinal and interval variables, captures non-linear dependency and reverts to the Pearson correlation coefficient in case of a bivariate normal input distribution. There is extensive documentation available here.

Cramér's V (φc)

Cramér's V is an association measure for nominal random variables. The coefficient ranges from 0 to 1, with 0 indicating independence and 1 indicating perfect association. The empirical estimators used for Cramér's V have been proved to be biased, even for large samples. We use a bias-corrected measure that has been proposed by Bergsma in 2013 that can be found here.

First rows

	year	quarter	country	Current Account Balance	Public debt	sovereign yields	GDP Growth	VIX Index	Public Deficit	Unemployment Rate	Credit To Private Sector
0	2000	1	Austria	-0.842349	0.704	5.685	3.521	23.981562	-2.16	8.2	174.30
1	2000	2	Austria	-0.668119	0.708	5.537	3.675	25.908906	-2.11	8.0	177.85
2	2000	3	Austria	-0.702135	0.713	5.578	3.739	19.634062	-1.83	7.9	185.06
3	2000	4	Austria	-0.669169	0.662	5.389	3.651	26.815313	-1.31	7.8	187.33
4	2001	1	Austria	-1.939536	0.694	5.087	2.890	26.595938	-0.60	7.7	186.46
5	2001	2	Austria	-1.569105	0.700	5.330	2.035	24.700923	0.00	7.7	190.73
6	2001	3	Austria	0.217592	0.697	5.133	1.204	26.611846	0.11	7.9	192.45
7	2001	4	Austria	0.218635	0.668	4.815	0.520	28.784308	-0.27	8.1	194.40
8	2002	1	Austria	2.337973	0.710	5.172	0.646	22.150484	-0.64	8.3	194.15
9	2002	2	Austria	2.108809	0.700	5.333	0.941	22.336154	-0.81	8.5	195.35

Last rows

	year	quarter	country	Current Account Balance	Public debt	sovereign yields	GDP Growth	VIX Index	Public Deficit	Unemployment Rate	Credit To Private Sector
662	2011	3	Finland	-0.49853	0.4720	2.73	3.110000	32.237727	-0.53	6.9	173.091
663	2011	4	Finland	-5.12018	0.5798	2.52	0.990000	28.350000	-0.92	7.0	175.401
664	2012	1	Finland	-1.69615	0.5761	2.31	1.440000	20.000000	-0.96	8.1	177.510
665	2012	2	Finland	-0.88669	0.5737	1.91	-0.150000	21.900000	-0.72	8.8	180.925
666	2012	3	Finland	-0.98288	0.5727	1.64	-1.080000	16.050000	-0.67	7.2	182.501
667	2012	4	Finland	-4.22256	0.5300	1.68	-0.853199	18.300000	-2.34	7.9	182.824
668	2013	1	Finland	-2.06522	0.5385	1.72	-0.169577	17.700000	-3.11	8.1	NaN
669	2013	2	Finland	-1.72673	0.5423	1.66	0.065918	15.750000	-2.00	8.1	NaN
670	2013	3	Finland	-1.43470	0.5453	NaN	-0.038005	18.450000	-2.05	8.1	NaN
671	2013	4	Finland	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN

Overview

Variables

Interactions

Correlations

Pearson's r

Spearman's ρ

Kendall's τ

Phik (φk)

Cramér's V (φc)

Missing values

Sample

First rows

Last rows